Therefore, it is critical to limit their exposure to wild birds to lessen the risk of introduction of avian influenza into flocks. Direct exposure of farmed birds to wild birds is a likely transmission route of the virus. The main wild species involved in the viral cycle of avian influenza are waterfowls, gulls, and shorebirds however, the virus seems to pass easily between different bird species. Wild birds also play a major role in avian influenza viruses evolution and maintenance during low seasons.

When birds have little or no symptoms of the virus, it allows them to spread the viruses between neighbouring countries or over long distances, along their migratory pathways. Depending on the virus strain and the species of bird, the virus can be harmless or fatal to the wild bird. Within their respiratory or intestinal tracts, they can carry different avian influenza virus strains. Migratory wild birds, especially waterfowls, are the natural host and reservoir of avian influenza viruses.

What role do wild birds play in the spread of avian influenza?

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